H.R.4090 — Critical Mineral Dominance Act
House Roll Call
H.R.4090
| Bill | H.R.4090 — Critical Mineral Dominance Act |
|---|---|
| Vote question | On Passage |
| Vote type | Yea-and-Nay |
| Result | Passed |
| Totals | Yea 224 / Nay 195 / Present 0 / Not Voting 13 |
| Party | Yea | Nay | Present | Not Voting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | 214 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| D | 10 | 194 | 0 | 10 |
| I | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Research Brief
On Passage
Bill Analysis
HR 4090 – Critical Mineral Dominance Act (119th Congress)
HR 4090 is a House-passed bill aimed at expanding U.S. domestic production, processing, and control over critical minerals and related supply chains, with a strong emphasis on reducing dependence on China and other geopolitical rivals.
Substance and authorities
- Directs the Department of the Interior (DOI), Department of Energy (DOE), and Department of Defense (DOD) to prioritize permitting, development, and processing of critical minerals on federal lands and in U.S. territories, including through streamlined or time-limited environmental and land-use reviews.
- Requires updated and expanded federal lists of “critical minerals” and “strategic materials,” tied to national security, energy, and industrial policy, and mandates regular assessments of U.S. import dependence and supply-chain vulnerabilities.
- Authorizes use of the Defense Production Act and other existing authorities to support domestic mining, refining, and recycling capacity, including loan guarantees, offtake agreements, and other financial tools.
- Restricts or conditions federal procurement, grants, and tax-supported projects from relying on critical minerals sourced from “foreign adversaries,” with China as the primary focus; may require phased reduction targets for such sourcing.
- Directs DOE and Commerce to develop standards and reporting for traceability of mineral origin in key sectors (e.g., batteries, semiconductors, defense systems), and to coordinate with allies on alternative supply chains.
Funding and programs
- Authorizes (but does not necessarily appropriate) multi‑year funding for:
- Expanded geological surveying and resource mapping (USGS).
- R&D on mineral substitution, recycling, and advanced processing (DOE national labs).
- Support to domestic producers via existing DOD and DOE industrial base programs.
Affected entities
- Beneficiaries: U.S. mining and processing firms; advanced manufacturing (EVs, batteries, electronics, defense); research institutions; allied-country suppliers that can substitute for Chinese inputs.
- Regulated/impacted: Federal land and environmental agencies (DOI, Forest Service, EPA) via expedited reviews; defense and civilian agencies via new sourcing rules; companies relying on Chinese or other adversary-sourced critical minerals.
Timelines
- Typically requires updated critical mineral lists and vulnerability assessments within 180–365 days of enactment, with periodic (e.g., biennial) updates; phased implementation of sourcing restrictions over several years to allow supply-chain adjustment.
Yea (224)
K
Ken Calvert
S
Scott Franklin
L
Lisa McClain
J
John Rutherford
D
David Schweikert
P
Pete Sessions
Nay (195)
J
Jason Crow
J
John Garamendi
J
John Mannion
L
Lucy McBath
R
Rashida Tlaib
N
Nydia Velázquez
D
Debbie Wasserman Schultz
Not Voting (13)
L
Lloyd Doggett
C
Christian Menefee
E
Eric Swalwell
